Data ETL Basics MCQ Questions with Answers – Page 2 (Latest 2026)

Q51. Which statement about schema-on-write is most accurate?

A. Apply schema when writing the data. B. Schema-on-read only. C. Pure raw bytes. D. Pure binary write.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Apply schema when writing the data.

Here, Apply schema when writing the data. is the right choice. Common in warehouses. It aligns directly with what the question asks about which statement about schema-on-write is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q52. How is schema-on-write best characterized?

A. Pure binary write. B. Schema-on-read only. C. Pure raw bytes. D. Apply schema when writing the data.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Apply schema when writing the data.

In this case, Apply schema when writing the data. is correct. Common in warehouses. It aligns directly with what the question asks about how is schema-on-write best characterized. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q53. Which option best describes batch processing?

A. Streaming only. B. Pure RPC. C. Pure event sourcing. D. Process data in scheduled chunks.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process data in scheduled chunks.

The best option here is Process data in scheduled chunks.. High throughput, higher latency. It aligns directly with what the question asks about which option best describes batch processing. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q54. What is the primary purpose of batch processing?

A. Process data in scheduled chunks. B. Pure event sourcing. C. Streaming only. D. Pure RPC.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process data in scheduled chunks.

For this question, Process data in scheduled chunks. is correct. High throughput, higher latency. It aligns directly with what the question asks about what is the primary purpose of batch processing. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q55. Which statement about batch processing is most accurate?

A. Process data in scheduled chunks. B. Streaming only. C. Pure RPC. D. Pure event sourcing.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process data in scheduled chunks.

Process data in scheduled chunks. is the correct answer here. High throughput, higher latency. It aligns directly with what the question asks about which statement about batch processing is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q56. How is batch processing best characterized?

A. Pure event sourcing. B. Pure RPC. C. Process data in scheduled chunks. D. Streaming only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process data in scheduled chunks.

Here, Process data in scheduled chunks. is the right choice. High throughput, higher latency. This matches the core idea being tested around how is batch processing best characterized. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q57. Which option best describes streaming processing?

A. Process events as they arrive. B. Pure cron. C. Pure RPC. D. Batch only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process events as they arrive.

In this case, Process events as they arrive. is correct. Low latency, harder ops. This matches the core idea being tested around which option best describes streaming processing. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q58. What is the primary purpose of streaming processing?

A. Pure cron. B. Process events as they arrive. C. Pure RPC. D. Batch only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process events as they arrive.

The best option here is Process events as they arrive.. Low latency, harder ops. This matches the core idea being tested around what is the primary purpose of streaming processing. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q59. Which statement about streaming processing is most accurate?

A. Batch only. B. Process events as they arrive. C. Pure RPC. D. Pure cron.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process events as they arrive.

For this question, Process events as they arrive. is correct. Low latency, harder ops. This matches the core idea being tested around which statement about streaming processing is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q60. How is streaming processing best characterized?

A. Pure RPC. B. Process events as they arrive. C. Pure cron. D. Batch only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Process events as they arrive.

Process events as they arrive. is the correct answer here. Low latency, harder ops. This matches the core idea being tested around how is streaming processing best characterized. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q61. Which option best describes orchestration?

A. Pure SQL. B. Pure logging. C. Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. D. Pure caching.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies.

Here, Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. is the right choice. Airflow, Dagster, Prefect. That is exactly the concept behind which option best describes orchestration in this context. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q62. What is the primary purpose of orchestration?

A. Pure caching. B. Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. C. Pure logging. D. Pure SQL.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies.

In this case, Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. is correct. Airflow, Dagster, Prefect. That is exactly the concept behind what is the primary purpose of orchestration in this context. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q63. Which statement about orchestration is most accurate?

A. Pure logging. B. Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. C. Pure caching. D. Pure SQL.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies.

The best option here is Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies.. Airflow, Dagster, Prefect. That is exactly the concept behind which statement about orchestration is most accurate in this context. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q64. How is orchestration best characterized?

A. Pure logging. B. Pure SQL. C. Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. D. Pure caching.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies.

For this question, Coordinating ETL tasks/dependencies. is correct. Airflow, Dagster, Prefect. That is exactly the concept behind how is orchestration best characterized in this context. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q65. Which option best describes idempotency?

A. Re-running produces same result. B. Random outputs each time. C. Side effects on each retry. D. Pure manual review.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Re-running produces same result.

Re-running produces same result. is the correct answer here. Safe under retries. That is exactly the concept behind which option best describes idempotency in this context. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q66. What is the primary purpose of idempotency?

A. Pure manual review. B. Random outputs each time. C. Re-running produces same result. D. Side effects on each retry.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Re-running produces same result.

Here, Re-running produces same result. is the right choice. Safe under retries. It fits the requirement in the prompt about what is the primary purpose of idempotency. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q67. Which statement about idempotency is most accurate?

A. Random outputs each time. B. Pure manual review. C. Side effects on each retry. D. Re-running produces same result.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Re-running produces same result.

In this case, Re-running produces same result. is correct. Safe under retries. It fits the requirement in the prompt about which statement about idempotency is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q68. How is idempotency best characterized?

A. Re-running produces same result. B. Side effects on each retry. C. Random outputs each time. D. Pure manual review.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Re-running produces same result.

The best option here is Re-running produces same result.. Safe under retries. It fits the requirement in the prompt about how is idempotency best characterized. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q69. Which option best describes incremental load?

A. Random sampling. B. Pure manual ETL. C. Always full load. D. Load only changed rows since last run.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Load only changed rows since last run.

For this question, Load only changed rows since last run. is correct. Saves time and cost. It fits the requirement in the prompt about which option best describes incremental load. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q70. What is the primary purpose of incremental load?

A. Load only changed rows since last run. B. Random sampling. C. Pure manual ETL. D. Always full load.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Load only changed rows since last run.

Load only changed rows since last run. is the correct answer here. Saves time and cost. It fits the requirement in the prompt about what is the primary purpose of incremental load. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q71. Which statement about incremental load is most accurate?

A. Pure manual ETL. B. Always full load. C. Load only changed rows since last run. D. Random sampling.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Load only changed rows since last run.

Here, Load only changed rows since last run. is the right choice. Saves time and cost. This is the most accurate statement for which statement about incremental load is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q72. How is incremental load best characterized?

A. Pure manual ETL. B. Random sampling. C. Always full load. D. Load only changed rows since last run.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Load only changed rows since last run.

In this case, Load only changed rows since last run. is correct. Saves time and cost. This is the most accurate statement for how is incremental load best characterized. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q73. Which option best describes full load?

A. Reload entire source data. B. Incremental load. C. Pure streaming. D. CDC only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Reload entire source data.

The best option here is Reload entire source data.. Simple but expensive. This is the most accurate statement for which option best describes full load. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q74. What is the primary purpose of full load?

A. CDC only. B. Pure streaming. C. Reload entire source data. D. Incremental load.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Reload entire source data.

For this question, Reload entire source data. is correct. Simple but expensive. This is the most accurate statement for what is the primary purpose of full load. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q75. Which statement about full load is most accurate?

A. CDC only. B. Pure streaming. C. Incremental load. D. Reload entire source data.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Reload entire source data.

Reload entire source data. is the correct answer here. Simple but expensive. This is the most accurate statement for which statement about full load is most accurate. Competing choices sound plausible, but they miss the key condition.

Q76. How is full load best characterized?

A. Incremental load. B. Pure streaming. C. Reload entire source data. D. CDC only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Reload entire source data.

Here, Reload entire source data. is the right choice. Simple but expensive. It aligns directly with what the question asks about how is full load best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q77. Which option best describes CDC?

A. Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). B. Pure cache eviction. C. Pure full reload. D. Pure index rebuild.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).

In this case, Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). is correct. Log-based or query-based. It aligns directly with what the question asks about which option best describes cdc. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q78. What is the primary purpose of CDC?

A. Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). B. Pure index rebuild. C. Pure cache eviction. D. Pure full reload.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).

The best option here is Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).. Log-based or query-based. It aligns directly with what the question asks about what is the primary purpose of cdc. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q79. Which statement about CDC is most accurate?

A. Pure index rebuild. B. Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). C. Pure cache eviction. D. Pure full reload.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).

For this question, Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). is correct. Log-based or query-based. It aligns directly with what the question asks about which statement about cdc is most accurate. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q80. How is CDC best characterized?

A. Pure full reload. B. Pure cache eviction. C. Pure index rebuild. D. Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes).

Capture changes (inserts/updates/deletes). is the correct answer here. Log-based or query-based. It aligns directly with what the question asks about how is cdc best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q81. Which option best describes a watermark?

A. Marker for what has been processed up to time. B. A retry counter. C. An index. D. A schema constraint.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Marker for what has been processed up to time.

Here, Marker for what has been processed up to time. is the right choice. Used in incremental and streaming. This matches the core idea being tested around which option best describes a watermark. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q82. What is the primary purpose of a watermark?

A. A schema constraint. B. Marker for what has been processed up to time. C. An index. D. A retry counter.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Marker for what has been processed up to time.

In this case, Marker for what has been processed up to time. is correct. Used in incremental and streaming. This matches the core idea being tested around what is the primary purpose of a watermark. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q83. Which statement about a watermark is most accurate?

A. A retry counter. B. A schema constraint. C. An index. D. Marker for what has been processed up to time.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Marker for what has been processed up to time.

The best option here is Marker for what has been processed up to time.. Used in incremental and streaming. This matches the core idea being tested around which statement about a watermark is most accurate. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q84. How is a watermark best characterized?

A. Marker for what has been processed up to time. B. An index. C. A schema constraint. D. A retry counter.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Marker for what has been processed up to time.

For this question, Marker for what has been processed up to time. is correct. Used in incremental and streaming. This matches the core idea being tested around how is a watermark best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q85. Which option best describes a slowly changing dimension?

A. Dim with attributes evolving over time. B. Always overwritten dim. C. Pure fact table. D. Always immutable dim.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Dim with attributes evolving over time.

Dim with attributes evolving over time. is the correct answer here. Type 1/2/3 patterns. This matches the core idea being tested around which option best describes a slowly changing dimension. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q86. What is the primary purpose of a slowly changing dimension?

A. Dim with attributes evolving over time. B. Pure fact table. C. Always immutable dim. D. Always overwritten dim.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Dim with attributes evolving over time.

Here, Dim with attributes evolving over time. is the right choice. Type 1/2/3 patterns. That is exactly the concept behind what is the primary purpose of a slowly in this context. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q87. Which statement about a slowly changing dimension is most accurate?

A. Always overwritten dim. B. Dim with attributes evolving over time. C. Pure fact table. D. Always immutable dim.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Dim with attributes evolving over time.

In this case, Dim with attributes evolving over time. is correct. Type 1/2/3 patterns. That is exactly the concept behind which statement about a slowly changing dimension is in this context. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q88. How is a slowly changing dimension best characterized?

A. Always immutable dim. B. Pure fact table. C. Always overwritten dim. D. Dim with attributes evolving over time.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Dim with attributes evolving over time.

The best option here is Dim with attributes evolving over time.. Type 1/2/3 patterns. That is exactly the concept behind how is a slowly changing dimension best characterized in this context. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q89. Which option best describes a fact table?

A. A staging table. B. Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. C. A dim table. D. A pure log.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Stores measurable events with FKs to dims.

For this question, Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. is correct. Star/snowflake center. That is exactly the concept behind which option best describes a fact table in this context. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q90. What is the primary purpose of a fact table?

A. Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. B. A pure log. C. A staging table. D. A dim table.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Stores measurable events with FKs to dims.

Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. is the correct answer here. Star/snowflake center. That is exactly the concept behind what is the primary purpose of a fact in this context. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q91. Which statement about a fact table is most accurate?

A. A dim table. B. Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. C. A staging table. D. A pure log.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Stores measurable events with FKs to dims.

Here, Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. is the right choice. Star/snowflake center. It fits the requirement in the prompt about which statement about a fact table is most. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q92. How is a fact table best characterized?

A. Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. B. A pure log. C. A dim table. D. A staging table.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Stores measurable events with FKs to dims.

In this case, Stores measurable events with FKs to dims. is correct. Star/snowflake center. It fits the requirement in the prompt about how is a fact table best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q93. Which option best describes a dimension table?

A. A fact table. B. A staging table. C. Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. D. A pure log.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Descriptive attributes referenced by facts.

The best option here is Descriptive attributes referenced by facts.. Star/snowflake periphery. It fits the requirement in the prompt about which option best describes a dimension table. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q94. What is the primary purpose of a dimension table?

A. A staging table. B. A fact table. C. Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. D. A pure log.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Descriptive attributes referenced by facts.

For this question, Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. is correct. Star/snowflake periphery. It fits the requirement in the prompt about what is the primary purpose of a dimension. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q95. Which statement about a dimension table is most accurate?

A. A staging table. B. A pure log. C. Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. D. A fact table.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Descriptive attributes referenced by facts.

Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. is the correct answer here. Star/snowflake periphery. It fits the requirement in the prompt about which statement about a dimension table is most. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q96. How is a dimension table best characterized?

A. A fact table. B. A pure log. C. Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. D. A staging table.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Descriptive attributes referenced by facts.

Here, Descriptive attributes referenced by facts. is the right choice. Star/snowflake periphery. This is the most accurate statement for how is a dimension table best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q97. Which option best describes data quality checks?

A. Validate data before/after load. B. Pure manual review only. C. Skip checks always. D. Pure backups only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Validate data before/after load.

In this case, Validate data before/after load. is correct. Schema, null, range, uniqueness. This is the most accurate statement for which option best describes data quality checks. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q98. What is the primary purpose of data quality checks?

A. Pure manual review only. B. Skip checks always. C. Validate data before/after load. D. Pure backups only.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Validate data before/after load.

The best option here is Validate data before/after load.. Schema, null, range, uniqueness. This is the most accurate statement for what is the primary purpose of data quality. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q99. Which statement about data quality checks is most accurate?

A. Pure backups only. B. Validate data before/after load. C. Pure manual review only. D. Skip checks always.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Validate data before/after load.

For this question, Validate data before/after load. is correct. Schema, null, range, uniqueness. This is the most accurate statement for which statement about data quality checks is most. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.

Q100. How is data quality checks best characterized?

A. Validate data before/after load. B. Pure manual review only. C. Pure backups only. D. Skip checks always.

Select an answer to check.

Answer: Validate data before/after load.

Validate data before/after load. is the correct answer here. Schema, null, range, uniqueness. This is the most accurate statement for how is data quality checks best characterized. The remaining choices fail because they don’t satisfy the full definition.